Logic Of Logic Essays - Religious Controversies, Magic, Witches

Logic Of Logic Logic Test 1. The most obvious unscientific theory that I can think of today, would be religion. Religion is possibly one of the biggest influences in our lives, and there is no scientific way to even prove that it exists. I asked a few friends of mine, who are religious, why they believe in a God. The first that I asked hemmed and hawed and when I finally had to threaten him to spit out an answer, he said, ?I don't know.? The next person I asked answered a little more intelligently by saying, ?I just don't believe that we all came here without any divine help. I don't believe in the Big Bang theory, and believing in God fills in a lot of gaps for me.? None of the people I spoke with fit this next category, but I believe that there is one last group of people who practice religion. These people practice it because they really believe in God, and many claim to be able to ?feel? him. I am not saying any of these people are right or wrong, but I can say that none of them can prove there is a god. This belief is not empirically verifiable, nor is it testable. The first group who practice religion just because it is the socially expedient thing to do, do not worry about justifying whether or not there is a god. He just knows that he is expected to show up in church on Sunday. The second group who believes in religion over the Big Bang theory, or look to religion for answers that Science cannot answer yet aren't any closer. They see two possibilities for how we got here. There is the Big Bang theory, or this God thing. They really don't believe in the Big Bang theory, so that must mean the other alternative, God, must be right. The last group that really believes in God has no proof either. They say, ?I feel God with me!? How do they know that it is in fact God that they are feeling. Maybe their lunch didn't set well with them. They feel something, don't know exactly what it is, and come to assume that it is God. 2. This next example of an unscientific system is one that is no longer practiced, but it is a perfect example of the ignorance of humans and their willingness to embrace anything that will make them feel superior. Back in Mid evil times, people would burn women at the stake who had different ideas then the societal norm. They would call these women witches. How does one prove another a witch? In this time period, any woman found thinking differently from society, would be branded a witch and burned at the stake. By these standards how many woman today would be witches. I think far more then I can imagine. It is funny, almost comical trying to imagine the mindset of the people who did these things long ago. I can just see someone thinking, ? Ok, so, she's not like me, she's not like everyone else?.so, that must make her different. Ok, so if she's different from me, and I'm normal, what could she be. She must be a Witch!!!!? Once again there is no empirical evidence proving her a witc h, and there is no way they could prove her a witch. Some tried to prove it by creating tests, like throwing the ?witch? into a lake and if she doesn't try to swim she isn't a witch, and if she tries to swim to stay alive, she is a witch. It is downright hilarious. There is no real way to test if she is a witch. This was just societies very unscientific system of weeding out people who did not fit their norms. Logic Test 1. The most obvious unscientific theory that I can think of today, would be religion. Religion is possibly one of the biggest influences in our lives, and there is no scientific way to even prove that it exists. I asked a few friends of mine, who are religious, why they believe in a God. The first that I asked hemmed

Free Essays on Intelligence Testing

According to Merriam-Webster’s dictionary, intelligence is described as the ability to apply knowledge to manipulate one's environment or to think abstractly as measured by objective criteria. Many psychologists have their own view on what intelligence really is and the debate over its true definition is very controversial. Most agree, however, that intelligence measures our ability to adapt to challenges. Intelligence varies for every person. It has been proven that intelligence tests can accurately predict performance on the job, dropping out of high school, and even chances of divorcing. These tests are not always completely accurate though. Many times these tests can be culturally biased and provide inaccurate results. Some psychologists believe intelligence is influenced by genetics, others believe it is environment which influences intelligence. I personally believe a combination of environment, genetics, and health determine a person’s in intelligence. Alfred Binet was one of the first psychologists to create an intelligence test. He created this test so the French public school system could properly place their students. Over time, the Binet test has been changed and modified by many other psychologists. Different types of intelligence tests were also created. There are two major types of intelligence tests. Some are designed to test aptitude, while others are designed to predict achievement. The most widely used intelligence test today is the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - Revised (WAIS-R). This test gives an overall intelligence score, and also assesses verbal and performance scores. These tests, although prominent in intelligence testing, have flaws. A major flaw it posses is its culture bias. Many questions, which are asked seem to be a product of American culture and may not be understood by those from different backgrounds, resulting in wrong answers. Many concerns were first raised by the ... Free Essays on Intelligence Testing Free Essays on Intelligence Testing According to Merriam-Webster’s dictionary, intelligence is described as the ability to apply knowledge to manipulate one's environment or to think abstractly as measured by objective criteria. Many psychologists have their own view on what intelligence really is and the debate over its true definition is very controversial. Most agree, however, that intelligence measures our ability to adapt to challenges. Intelligence varies for every person. It has been proven that intelligence tests can accurately predict performance on the job, dropping out of high school, and even chances of divorcing. These tests are not always completely accurate though. Many times these tests can be culturally biased and provide inaccurate results. Some psychologists believe intelligence is influenced by genetics, others believe it is environment which influences intelligence. I personally believe a combination of environment, genetics, and health determine a person’s in intelligence. Alfred Binet was one of the first psychologists to create an intelligence test. He created this test so the French public school system could properly place their students. Over time, the Binet test has been changed and modified by many other psychologists. Different types of intelligence tests were also created. There are two major types of intelligence tests. Some are designed to test aptitude, while others are designed to predict achievement. The most widely used intelligence test today is the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - Revised (WAIS-R). This test gives an overall intelligence score, and also assesses verbal and performance scores. These tests, although prominent in intelligence testing, have flaws. A major flaw it posses is its culture bias. Many questions, which are asked seem to be a product of American culture and may not be understood by those from different backgrounds, resulting in wrong answers. Many concerns were first raised by the ...

Brazil as a Part of the International Society

Brazil as a Part of the International Society Since the beginning of the century, the supposed European decline and the ascend of emergent countries, such as Brazil, have been widely discussed. However, it appears as if the country has found itself stagnated in the status of â€Å"emergent† for most of the past fifteen years, not progressing or being able to achieve a â€Å"higher† status in the international sphere. But this has been (to a certain extend) an everlasting historical struggle. It was during the 19th century, when Brazil first started to negotiated its access and recognition as a member of an international society of European and global expansion. It sought to establish itself as an independent country in a system deeply marked by asymmetry of power, status, and ranking, developing in the process, instruments to access the world of diplomacy[1]. This essay aims at briefly analyzing how Brazil came to be part of the European –and later global international society. For the authors of the English School, such as Hedley Bull and Adam Watson, the transformation from system to international society was a historical process. According to them, the ancient world had several systems of states but these have eventually evolved into a European international society and, finally, into our universal international society of the present[2]. The most diverse regions of the planet were incorporated into the mold of European society, extending this configuration to the whole world following the Second World War and decolonization[3]. For the classical authors of the English School, Brazil adhered, as part of the process of independence of European colonies, as a kind of Neo-Europe -an admission free of greater obstacles[4]. There were confrontations not only in political, economic, or military terms, but above all in terms of civilizations and cultural patterns. The core of this clashes was the standard of civilization by which different civilizations identif ied and regulated their international relations. The practices that became accepted as civilized were those coming from European countries and soon became demanded by the international system centered in Europe, being used to distinguish those who belong to a particular society from those who do not. Membership was conditioned to a degree of homogenization, requiring non-European states to make social and political reforms and to accept the rules and principles of international society[5]. In the mid 19th century, Brazil and other non-European entities began to demand or be required to join a European core international society. This was an important period of the British imperial turn, in which the planet had been scrutinized, occupied and Europes relations with the world had been redefined based on European interests[6]. At the time, it was not easy to classify Brazil as barbarian or savage, but the domestic government and political elites worked hard to gain recognition of civilization and thus belong to the â€Å"civilized† group. Eventually, this was only to a certain extent successful, since even if a state was to be recognized as independent and legitimate, celebrating treaties and establishing diplomatic relations did not mean, however, necessarily to be seen as a full member of international society[7]. Brazil was a former member of the Portuguese Overseas Empire officially independent in 1822 in the form of a constitutional monarchy. To â€Å"allowâ⠂¬ , even if recognized as legitimate and sovereign state, extraterritorial rights to Western powers, was seen as an important indicator of inferiority and subordination status and that the sovereignty of the country was only partial [8] [9]. Brazil officially only maintained it for a certain period, until 1844, as an inheritance of the Portuguese Overseas Empire. Thus, although it was formally recognized as independent and sovereign, it was not a full member of European core international society, because it lacked the so-called standard of civilization. It is interesting to notice that the option for the title empire[10] can be perceived as a statement of affiliation greater to the Old than to the New World[11]. In 1889, when the Republic was introduced, Brazil underwent a new phase of â€Å"renovation†, distancing itself to a certain degree from Europe and turning to the Americas[12]. In short, during the 19th century, Brazil was a newly independent political community in search of recognition. Another huge impediment to Brazil’s annexation to the international society was the fact that it continued and even came to increase during mid 19th century its dealing with slavery, an institution which played an important domestic role at a time when it no longer had a place in the international society. In other words, it did not meet the â€Å"standards of civilization† required. In relation to that, a historical event worth mentioning is The Paraguayan War (1864-1870). The war helped the Brazilian Empire to reach its peak of political and military influence, becoming the Great Power of South America, besides also helping to bring about the end of slavery in Brazil[13]. However, it also caused a ruinous increase of public debt, which took decades to pay off, severely limiting the countrys growth. The war debt, alongside a long-lasting social crisis after the conflict, are regarded as crucial factors for the fall of Empire and proclamation of the First Brazilian Republic[14].Th de facto suppression of slave trade, came with the Eusà ©bio de Queiroz Law (July 12, 1850)[15]. For the British, Brazil finally fulfilled its previously signed treaties and followed the common principles of humanity and the fundamental precepts of the Christian religion[16]. The process of Brazilian independence dragged on in successive stages between the arrival of the Portuguese crown in Rio de Janeiro in 1808, the formal British and Portuguese recognition between 1825 and 1827, until Dom Pedro Is return to Europe in 1831[17]. The period coincided with the process whereby the Congress of Vienna came to accept new members, nominally the new states of settlement of the American continent. European recognition was formalized through treaties and the establishment of diplomatic relations[18]. It is interesting to consider that due to the fact that Brazil inherited great experience in diplomatic matters from the Portuguese, this expertise made all the difference in the formation of borders, in the management of rivalry with Spanish American neighbors and in obtaining European recognition[19]. The recognition of Brazilian independence, was first made by the African kingdoms of Benin and Lagos and the United States, then by Portugal and Great Britain and othe r European states, with the recognition of the old metropolis, Portugal, and the main power of then, Britain, certainly being most important cases[20]. During the second half of the 19th century, despite the economic and political weaknesses that it still had, Brazil began to a certain point to participate in the international economic order that was established, being present at conferences, adhering to multilateral agreements and to the first technical and economic treaties that established cooperation among States[21]. The Brazilian participation in the Second Hague Convention (1907), which was responsible for dealing with formal issues of war and the creation of a permanent arbitration court, was important for bringing the public a discourse that called for equality between States in relation to international society[22]. It is significant, therefore, the understanding of Brazil as an average power of then. Its participation in World War I, on the British side, more symbolic than effective, finally granted the country a pass which enabled it to participate in the negotiations of the Paris Conference, and, finally, a ticket as a representative in the congress of the League of Nations. This can be considered to have been the definitive internationalization of Brazilian politics then[23]. The Brazilian participation in the universal exhibitions of the second half of the 19th century can also be seen as an effort to be perceived as an equal partner of the international society of that time[24]. Another interesting contemplation, is how the other nations considered the nation’s sovereign and how this was a strong indicative of the international positioning of Brazil then. D. Pedro II was the monarch of the young sister nation, a Christian, and though he was a native of Brazil, he descended from the most important European lineages. The fact that he did not look like a king, wearing ordinary clothes, wearing a straw hat and preferring to give up benefits from his position, rather than disappoint, attracted the American public interested in this monarch of the New world[25]. Brazil, which in the beginning of the 20th century started to take part in international events, increased its participation to the point of hosting the III Pan American Conference in 1906, in the then capital city of Rio de Janeiro[26]. With the destruction of the European international society after WWI and with the restructuration of the system in the interwar period, Brazil was finally able to found itself a place of (more) equality among the members of the new and global international society formed after WWII, with diplomacy and international law proving to be fundamental instruments for a militarily weak state. It is questionable however, to what degree the country is (even nowadays) fully equal to its European and American counterparts in the global international society. To conclude, it its necessary to remark that even though there was a continuous pursuit of adherence to European diplomatic rituals, practices and symbols since its independence, this process parallel lead to the creation of asymmetrical relations with the center of European international society which still exist. For example, Brazilians still commonly refer to Europe and the U.S. as the â€Å"first world†, praising and considering superior everything that comes from the Old Continent and the American leader. The embedded feeling of inferiority, rooted in the past experiences and relations with the European international society have not yet completely disappeared. But the question is, will they ever disappear in the current international order or is the birth of a new one needed? References: [1] GOLDFELD SOCHACZEWSKI, M.; â€Å"O Brasil, o Impà ©rio Otomano e a Sociedade International: Contrastes e Conexà µes (1850-1919)†, Fundaà §Ãƒ £o Getulio Vargas, Centro de Pesquisa e Documentaà §Ãƒ £o de Histà ³ria Contemporà ¢nea do Brasil (CPDOC), August 2012, Rio de Janeiro, p. 20. [2] BULL, H.; A Sociedade AnaÃŒ rquica†, Imprensa Oficial do Estado, Editora UnB; SaÃŒÆ'o Paulo, BrasiÃŒ lia, 2002, p. 15. WATSON, A.; â€Å"A evolucÃŒ §aÃŒÆ'o da sociedade internacional†, Editora UnB, BrasiÃŒ lia, 2004, p. 37. [3] GOLDFELD SOCHACZEWSKI, M.; â€Å"O Brasil, o Impà ©rio Otomano e a Sociedade International: Contrastes e Conexà µes (1850-1919)†, p. 34. [4] GOLDFELD SOCHACZEWSKI, M.; â€Å"O Brasil, o Impà ©rio Otomano e a Sociedade International: Contrastes e Conexà µes (1850-1919)†, p. 38. [5] GOLDFELD SOCHACZEWSKI, M.; â€Å"O Brasil, o Impà ©rio Otomano e a Sociedade International: Contrastes e Conexà µes (1850-1919)†, pp. 39 and 40. [6] GOLDFELD SOCHACZEWSKI, M.; â€Å"O Brasil, o Impà ©rio Otomano e a Sociedade International: Contrastes e Conexà µes (1850-1919)†, p. 40. [7] GOLDFELD SOCHACZEWSKI, M.; â€Å"O Brasil, o Impà ©rio Otomano e a Sociedade International: Contrastes e Conexà µes (1850-1919)†, p. 43 [8] GOLDFELD SOCHACZEWSKI, M.; â€Å"O Brasil, o Impà ©rio Otomano e a Sociedade International: Contrastes e Conexà µes (1850-1919)†, p. 47 [9] DORATIOTO, F.; â€Å"Maldita Guerra: Nova Histà ³ria da Guerra do Paraguai†, Companhia das Letras, 2nd edition revised by the author, 2002, pp. 47-52. [10] DORATIOTO, F.; â€Å"Maldita Guerra: Nova Histà ³ria da Guerra do Paraguai†, pp. 47-52. [11] BETHELL, L.; â€Å"The Abolition of the Brazilian Slave Trade: Britain, Brazil and the slave trade question, 1807-1869†, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1970, p. 341. [12] GOLDFELD SOCHACZEWSKI, M.; â€Å"O Brasil, o Impà ©rio Otomano e a Sociedade International: Contrastes e Conexà µes (1850-1919)†, p. 54. [13] GOLDFELD SOCHACZEWSKI, M.; â€Å"O Brasil, o Impà ©rio Otomano e a Sociedade International: Contrastes e Conexà µes (1850-1919)†, pp. 55 and 56. [14] GOLDFELD SOCHACZEWSKI, M.; â€Å"O Brasil, o Impà ©rio Otomano e a Sociedade International: Contrastes e Conexà µes (1850-1919)†, pp. 74 and 75. [15] CARDIM, C. H.; â€Å"A Raiz das Coisas. Rui Barbosa: O Brasil no Mundo†, CivilizacÃŒ §aÃŒÆ'o Brasileira, Rio de Janeiro, 2007, p. 52. [16] GOLDFELD SOCHACZEWSKI, M.; â€Å"O Brasil, o Impà ©rio Otomano e a Sociedade International: Contrastes e Conexà µes (1850-1919)†, p. 78. [17] GOLDFELD SOCHACZEWSKI, M.; â€Å"O Brasil, o Impà ©rio Otomano e a Sociedade International: Contrastes e Conexà µes (1850-1919)†, p. 85.

Discuss the careers of Julius Caesar and Octavian. What did their rise Essay

Discuss the careers of Julius Caesar and Octavian. What did their rise to power mean for the republican from of government What - Essay Example He not only created a central government in Rome but also suppressed all the armed resistance which was out in different provinces. The entire was knit into one cohesive unit by establishing a new constitution; Octavian was also very actively involved in all these efforts and deserves equal credit if not more. All these goals were accomplished by Caesar and Octavian when they comprehensively defeated Pompey and his allies. The Republican form of government could not do anything significant to stop Caesar and Octavian; Caesar decreased their power and kept increasing his power to become one of the most influential dictators of all time. Caesar reformed the calendar which is considered to be the most important of his reforms. â€Å"Caesar carried out his reforms in the traditional manner, in the centuriate and tribal assemblies, the senate and through edicts. He rarely tampered with the traditions of the Republic; only in his concepts of citizenship and the provinces did his visionary genius truly appear.

Demostic Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Demostic Violence - Essay Example A unified effort of the government and the civilians is necessary to be able to prevent domestic violence from happening in any home. Each individual has been born to a family, although some may have grown in a different environment; but it is a common knowledge that all human beings have experienced having a home. However, there has been a growing concern on the place that we call â€Å"home†, especially when public health is at risk, particularly, the effect of domestic violence. Domestic violence is defined as a form of behavior in a relationship where an individual uses different abuses such as physical, emotional or psychological to be able to control the other person. Threats and other actions, which inflict pain, humiliation, isolation or a sense of fear on the receiving party, or the victim, are also considered as domestic violence (US Department of Justice, 2012). The Domestic Violence Resource Center [DVRC] (2013) has consolidated different information on the occurrences of domestic violence in the United States. The data showed that women and children are the most common victims of domestic violence, but this does not exclude the occurrence of domestic violence where the victims are male. The social implication of domestic violence is of great concern for the government because of the effects of the trauma inflicted on the victims. The National Coalition Against Domestic Violence [NCADV] (n.d.) reported that very few incidences of domestic violence are reported to the police. Victims of domestic violence either fail or simply do not report the incident to the police because they find the situation a private matter, or since the offender is also a family member, the victims still intend to protect them despite what the offender had done (Durose et al, 2005). This implies that despite the legal policies implemented by the government, its efficiency remains at a minimum. This paper focuses on the legal aspects of domestic

Liam O’Flaherty and The Anglo-Irish War Essay Example for Free

Liam O’Flaherty and The Anglo-Irish War Essay Liam O’Flaherty (1896-1984) †¢ Served in the Irish Guards of the British Army from 19151917 †¢ Suffered serious injury from a bomb blast in Belgium; was discharged due to depression. †¢ Following WWI, traveled widely and developed a world view based on atheism, communism, and the notion that Ireland should be an independent nation Liam O’Flaherty (1896-1984) †¢ Joined the Irish Republican Army to push for Irish independence. †¢ Opposed the 1921 treaty that made Ireland a part of the British Commonwealth. †¢ Wrote 13 novels between 1923 and 1976, many of which focused on the effects of war, revolution, and social upheaval in Ireland. Anglo-Irish War Origins The Easter Rising took place on 24 April, 1916 in Dublin, Ireland. The Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) successfully incited a rising of about 1,600 rebels, which was quickly crushed by Crown (British) forces. The handling of the rebels, however, created mass sympathy and the consequences of this rebellion are still felt in Irish and international politics. The Anglo-Irish War †¢ 1919: The Irish Parliament, lead by Eamon de Valera and Michael Collins, declared Ireland a free state. †¢ The Irish Republic army launched guerilla warfare during the Irish War of Independence Anglo-Irish War 1920 March — Thomas McCurtain, Lord Mayor of Cork was shot in front of his family by British forces. October — His successor, Terence McSwiney, dies after a 74-day hunger strike. 1 November — Kevin Barry, an 18-year-old medical student, was hanged for his part in an ambush he took part in when he was 16. 21 November — Collinss Squad killed fourteen members of an elite British spy group known as the Cairo Gang. Revenge was taken by Crown forces, who fired on the crowd in Croke Park. 12 people were killed and 60 wounded. Later that evening, two IRA men and one innocent man were shot while escaping — in fact, they were marched into the prison courtyard and told to run, and when they refused they were shot in the back. Afterwards, 21 November became known as Bloody Sunday5. Bloody Sunday The Anglo-Irish War 1920 (cont.) 28 November — a flying column led by Tom Barry killed 18 auxilaries in an ambush at Kilmichael in west Cork. Shortly after, revenge was taken by the burning of the centre of the city of Cork. December — the Government of Ireland Act set up Home Rule parliaments in Dublin and Belfast. Each parliament was given control over domestic affairs. Sinn Fà ©in rejected it. This Act implemented the Partition of Ireland. The Anglo-Irish War 1921 25 May — the IRA burned Dublins custom house, where seven government departments were located. The attack led to the capture or death of more than 80 IRA men. 22 June, at the opening of the northern parliament at Stormount, King George V appealed for a truce: Pause, to stretch out the hand of forbearance and conciliation, to forgive and forget. King George V, 22 June, 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty An Irish Free State (Saorstà ¡t Éireann) of 26 counties was established The Irish state was a Dominion and was still part of the Commonwealth The British Monarch would remain as head of state and would be represented by the Governor-General The Royal Navy retained control of the ports of Cobh, Berehaven and Lough Swilly The border between the Free State and Northern Ireland would be drawn up by a Boundary Commission Aftermath of the Anglo-Irish Treaty 1922: The Irish civil war breaks out between pro- and anti-treaty parties. Armed groups crossed into Northern Ireland and attacked British installations. They hoped to force the British to give up control of Northern Ireland. Todays IRA stems from anti-treaty forces. May 1923: The civil war ends and Northern Ireland was still part of the United Kingdom. 1937: A new constitution ratified by the Irish government changes the name of the Irish Free State to Ireland. 1949: Ireland formally declares its independence from Britain. Ireland had cut all ties with the United Kingdom and became an independent republic.

A Raisin in the Sun Character Analysis Essay -- essays research papers

The play â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† by Lorraine Hansberry has many interesting characters. In my opinion, the most fascinating character is Ruth because of her many emotions and captivating personality. She goes through extreme emotions in the play such as happiness, sadness, anger, stress, and confusion. Ruth is very independent, firm, kind, witty, and loving.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ruth has an intriguing personality. She is very loving towards her family. She will do all in her power to improve the lifestyle of her family. When it appears that the deal for the house in Clybourne Park will fall through, she promises to dedicate all of her time to make the investment work. â€Å"Lena-I’ll work†¦ I’ll work 20 hours a day in all the kitchens in Chicago†¦I’ll strap my baby on my back if I have to and scrub all the floors and wash all the sheets in America if I have to-but we have to MOVE!† she pleads to her mother-in-law (Hansberry140). Her plan is unrealistic and idealistic, but the well being of her family is more important to her than anything. Ruth is also witty and sarcastic at times. She cracks jokes to lighten the mood of her family when they’re worried. â€Å"Well that’s the way the cracker crumbles. Joke. (121)† When Beneatha and Mama are stressing over the neighborhood they are moving into, Ruth makes a witty joke to improve the mood. Ruth supervises the daily routine and well being of her family. She makes sure that everyone does what they are supposed to and stays on track. ...

Summarise the Main Development of a Child from the Age range 0-2, 3-5, 5-8 Years

From birth a baby can only lie on its back, by the end of 3months they start to lift their heads and kick their feet. At 3-6 months they can hold objects and transfer them from one hand to another. They also start to attempt to put objects in their mouths. At 9-12 months babies usually become more mobile by rolling, shuffling, or crawling. They can generally sit unaided for a length of time.Between 1-2 yrs they will be walking and although they still find it difficult to maintain balance most can climb stairs with supervision. So by the end of 2yrs they will be very mobile – walking, running, and able to negotiate steps. They can throw and kick a ball but may not be confident at catching.At 3yrs, children will know how to run, walk in all sorts of directions. They can jump from low heights, negotiate stairs confidently and ride a tricycle.By 4yrs, physically they should now be able to catch, kick, throw, and bounce a ball. Between 5-8 yrs they have mastered how to use a variet y of equipment and their physical ability will have improved greatly. At this point they are able to ride a bike without stabilisers. At this age they are more willing to try new things and they begin to stretch themselves further.Analyse key social, economic, and environmental factors which may influence developmentThere are lots of factors which can influence developmentNutrition Poverty Environment, including overcrowding and pollution Culture Loss or bereavement Separation or divorce of parents Learning difficulties Social factors such as love and affectionA loving, caring environment will encourage a child to socialise and develop good relationships with others. Poor housing, overcrowding, air, water, and noise pollution all have a detrimental effect on a child’s growth and development.Poverty puts children at a social disadvantage as parents who are unemployed or on low incomes may find it more difficult to provide a nutritionally balanced diet. They also tend to live i n poorer housing, which may be overcrowded. They can sometimes lack the physical and personal resources needed to provide for their children in order to grow and develop. Progress will be slow and impaired if there is a lack of stimulation. Children often find it difficult to put things into perspective and may view the loss of a favourite toy on the same level as that of a death of a close relativeChildren suffering from the anxieties of loss or bereavement may try to hide their feelings for fear of upsetting those around them, whilst others show their feelings freely.Signs of aggression and/or withdrawal are often associated with the way a child deals with their emotions. When parents separate or divorce the most likely area to be affected is social and emotional, it can make them become anxious or frightened. Their whole world, as they know it, will have been turned upside down and they experience feelings of guilt, anger, and sorrow. They can become withdrawn, tearful, aggressiv e and argumentative.Children that do not receive a lot of love and affection at home will find it difficult to develop and form good relationships with others. They can be untrusting, miserable, and unhappy although, they appear physically healthy they will be emotionally unwell. A child who has suffered from abuse will  have their health and wellbeing severely affected and abuse can have long lasting health problems.Describe Children’s Overall Development NeedsChildren’s overall development needs are love and support from parents and carers. When a child feels loved they are contented and happy which help them to be pleasant around and enables them to mix with other children successfully, gaining friendships as they grow. They also need stability as otherwise they can have physical problems such as bed wetting or sleepless nights.Diet and nutrition are also very important, fresh fruit and vegetables should be a regular part of the shopping list. This can be introduc ed at a very early age when they are beginning to taste different foods, many vegetables can be reduced to tasty soups and fruit made into smoothies.

Happieness and Success

Happiness to me may be different from what another person may deem as happiness and what success means to me may be different from what another person may deem as success. Happiness and success Is as different to everyone as there are different people In the world. But we all need to ask ourselves â€Å"what Is It that would truly make me happy and what do I need to do to ensure that I am successful? † This is a personal responsibility question that we all need to ask of ourselves at one point in our lives.Herman Cain puts it best saying â€Å"Success is not the key to happiness. Happiness is the key to success. If you love what you are doing, you will be successful. † As a young child and as an only child growing up in Southern California while raised by a single mother I learned a lot and came to realize a few things throughout the years. Out of everything I learned throughout my life one of the things that impacted me the most was watching my mother wake up every day going to work doing a Job that she wasn't happy with doing.A Job she did out of personal spontaneously to me, to provide and to take care of me which I truly appreciate to this day. While watching her do this day In and day out, year In and year out I told myself that â€Å"l do not want to be like that when I get older, I want to be happy with the job that I am doing, no matter what it is, as long as I am happy doing it. † To me being happy with your job is the real measure of success. Alexander Jarful states in his article that, â€Å"you should start by liking what you do.The single most efficient way to increase your productivity is to be happy at work. No system, tool or methodology in the world can beat the productivity boost you get from really, really enjoying your work†. As it was my mother's personal responsibility to take care of me, it's my personal responsibility to be happy and succeed in everything that I do. Now this hasn't always been the case for me while growing up but as I have gotten older and gained more responsibility the more I strive to apply what I have learned to make It happen and apply what I have learned In my dally life.Alexander Jarful gives a list of the 10 most Important reasons why happiness tit your work is the number one productivity booster and these are his 10 reasons:† nappy people work netter wilt toners, nappy people are more creative, nappy people fix problems instead of complaining about them, happy people have more energy, happy people are more optimistic, happy people are way more motivated, happy people get sick less often, happy people learn faster, happy people worry less about making mistakes and consequently make fewer mistakes and happy people make better decisions†.Now those sound like some pretty compelling reasons on why Ewing happy is so important to have when it comes to the Job that one may have. I think it is imperative to try and be happy with work because it clearly affects one's well-being, one's health and one's relationships with friends and coworkers. How could one not be successful while being happy with work? I don't think it's possible. Happiness breeds success and the level of success one has is up to them. Just don't lose happiness as success is gained. I feel it is up to me to make it my goal to be happy with my career.To be happy ND a success later in life with my goals lay out in front of me. I need to have success in college first and try to be happy while going to school, let's face it school is not always the most fun thing to do but I can at least try to be happy doing it. By keeping in mind the end goal which the end goal is graduation so I can really start the process to doing a Job/career I can truly be happy in doing. To me being able to wake up every day being happy or to look forward to going to work would be one of the greatest things I can do in my life.By me being happy in what I'm doing will trickle own to every aspect of my life; from my business, to my family and being successful and making money will all stem from the happiness in my life and career. I want my son to look at me one day and say to his-self â€Å"l want to be like my dad when I grow up. I want to be happy with work and life Just like him. † I want for him to learn from my mistakes as I learned from my mother's mistakes. I also want him to learn from the right decisions that I made in my life. It's my personal responsibility to be successful for myself my family and to be happy while doing it.

Community and Domestic Violence Elder Abuse

Community and Domestic Violence Elder Abuse An estimation of about several thousands of American elderly people experience domestic violence in the form of elderly abuse in their homes. The violence violates their rights by making them feel neglected, abused, and exploited. Generally, the term elderly abuse can refer to intentional mistreatment act by a person to a vulnerable adult that causes risk of harm to them.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Community and Domestic Violence: Elder Abuse specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, the fact the elderly people cannot defend themselves because of the physical frailty that they encounter, they will experience most of the elderly abuse. Today, it is evident that elderly abuse is a serious problem all over the world and one that is likely to grow as many countries experience rapidly ageing populations (American Medical Association, 1990). Discussion The description best describes elderly abuse, which is becomin g a severe problem in the society today. The extent of elderly abuse that is committed at home lies between 4 percent and 6 percent. For the elderly people, the consequences of elderly abuse are very serious because the elderly people have brittle bones and prone to prolonged convalescence. Elderly abuse takes different ways or forms, which include physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, exploitation, healthcare fraud and abuse, and abandonment. First, elderly abuse can be physical abuse whereby the elderly people experience external forces such as hitting or shoving among other physical torture. Emotional abuse is whereby the elderly face verbal intimidation, humiliation, and ridicule. Sexual abuse is an abuse whereby a person makes contact with an elder person without their consent or showing pornographic materials to the elder. Neglect focuses on the failure to carry out caretaking obligation (American Medical Association, 1990). Short-term consequences of elder a buse Elderly abuse has several consequences, which can be either short-term or long-term. Short-term consequences include increased stress whereby the elderly go through emotional stress that follows the shock from the abuse. This may lead to elderly people experiencing depression, appetite loss, early deaths, and feeling of loneliness. Another short-term consequence is that elderly abuse increases physical weariness and frailty. In experiencing this, the elderly people may develop ill health, which may include hypertension, arthritis among others. In addition, consequences of elderly abuse have effect on the families as well.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The families may have strained relationships among its members and may as well loose respect and honor in the society. Another consequence lies on the community whereby the community enters into fund raisings in de aling with the effects of the abuse. The effects of elderly abuse weaken the community social cohesion and networks (Lindbloom, Brandt, Hough, 2007). Long-term consequences of elder abuse On the long-term consequences, we have decreasing or declining nutritional levels of the elderly people, which increases the susceptibility to illness that later leads to malnutrition. Another long-term consequence that elderly abuse brings is on the family. The family will experience financial burden because of costs that they will incur in seeking redress to the situation. Another long-term consequence is that elderly abuse can ignite inter-community tension and revenge. Last, elderly abuse may bring about declining abilities, which consequently worsening the psychological decline in the health of the elderly people. Another very vital consequence is the risk of death to the victims of elder abuse (Laurence, Tina, Segal, 2011). Conclusion In conclusion, it is evident that elderly abuse is a vic e that is taking shape into our communities today. It is the responsibility of the nation as a whole to protect and care for the elderly. It is possible to counter this vice of elderly abuse through provision of social services whereby the elderly people are under care of a health and social service network. The other solution is through educating the public on the importance of preventing elderly abuse (American Medical Association, 1990). References American Medical Association, (1990). American Medical Association white paper on elderly health: Report of the Council on Scientific Affairs. Arch Intern Med, 150, 2459–2472. Laurence, R., Tina, B., Segal, J. (2011). Elder Abuse and Neglect: Warning Signs, Risk Factors, Prevention, and Help. Retrieved from https://www.helpguide.org/articles/abuse/elder-abuse-and-neglect.htm Lindbloom, E. J., Brandt, J., Hough, L. (2007). Elder mistreatment in the nursing home: A systematic review. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 8(9 ), 610–616.Adv ertising We will write a custom essay sample on Community and Domestic Violence: Elder Abuse specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Discuss the relationship between culture and public relations Essay

Discuss the relationship between culture and public relations - Essay Example Public relation practitioners, managers, and theorists have long been dealing with the concept of differences (Ainlay, Becker and Coleman 1986) and problems of communicating across cultures (Alberts 1992; Asante and Gudykunst 1989; Gudykunst 1991; Scollon and Scollon 1995; Varonis and Gass 1985; Gass and Varonis, 1991).On the other hand, some prominent public relation experts have criticized the importance of multicultural communication. This paper tries to explore the relationship between public relation and cultures while discussing about the societal and corporate cultures and their collective impact on public relation practices. Public relation practice is packed with the possibilities of embarrassments, lost opportunities, confused clients, inadequate performance, and unsatisfied expectations stemming from misunderstood cultural differences. Some prominent commentators reject the idea of multicultural communication, such as, ODwyer (1994 quoted in Banks 2000). Considering the insensitivity towards cultural differences, Banks (2000) suggests that they must get more informed about cultural diversity and get a better understanding of cultural variability and its implications for public relation practices. Banks (2000) refers to it as internalization of business; others call it globalization of business (Cheney 1999; Fitzpatrick 1992 quoted in Banks 2000, 40). Banks (2000) also notes that the research and theory on diversity in public relation is in its early phases. A diverse body of literature has emerged in order to provide practical information for training and working in multicultural settings, however, t he largest public relation study, the IABC Research Foundations "excellence project" has not directly acknowledged multicultural principles or issues; either we consider the studys development as theoretical statement or for using recommendations to improve

Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) - Essay Example Even though it builds up models, and those models are not considered to correspond to the â€Å"existent world†, however with the help of those rules and principles you can form or arrange your thoughts about the actual world. These models are not considered as descriptive or normative on the other hand they may comprise attributes of both (Williams, 2005). One of the most useful benefits of soft system methodology is that it imposes restrictions on your thinking in order to improve your thinking (Williams, 2005). Soft Systems Methodology efforts to promote knowledge and positive reception of the problem circumstances between a group of stakeholders rather than get started to resolve a predefined problem. The complication of numerous managerial/social problem circumstances overcomes efforts at defining a problem: in numerous such circumstances the problem is what is the problem? SSM presents a structure for handling such circumstances (Richards, 2004). Soft Systems Methodology is the only one of its kind in the fields of practical systems judgment, carrying unfussiness to perplexed and compound conditions. The tools of Soft systems methodology conceptualization, encrusted observation and design hold up the model structuring stage as well as contain the dissimilar Weltanschauungen of the circumstances. Contrast of the representations by means of the prosperous as well as disordered real-world offer general imminent concerning what must be as well as, in an iterative mode, authorize single-minded deeds to be in use (Yinghong, 2007). The application of this soft systems methodology knowledge gave way imminent to increase services. One main field spotlighted has been that of contact. Efficient information communication among and within organizations is compulsory to carry the more victorious accomplishment of information system. Getting this feature accurately will aid to take the other significant fields those are ease of access